课程简介
Physical Geology is a course about the materials that make up the Earth as well as the properties and geological processes that operates on the Earth. Special topics include plate tectonics, mineral chemistry, the rock cycle, sedimentary processes, metamorphism, igneous rocks, hydrological cycle and glaciers. It will provide us with the knowledge of our physical environment which is critical to our well-being and vital to our survival.
课程大纲
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Science of Geology
1.3 The Development of Geology
1.4 Earth's Sphere (1)
1.4 Earth’s Sphere (2)
1.5 Earth’s Internal Structure
1.6 Rocks and the Rock Cycle (1)
1.6 Rocks and the Rock Cycle (2)
Chapter 2 Elements and Minerals
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Elements in the Crust
2.3 Properties of Minerals: Optical Properties
2.4 Properties of Minerals: Mechanical Properties
2.5 Mineral Structures
2.6 How Minerals Are Classified
2.7 The Silicates
2.8 Common Silicate Minerals
2.9 Important Nonsilicate Minerals
2.10 Rock-forming minerals
Chapter 3 Magmatism and Igneous Rocks
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Magmatism
3.3 Magma
3.4 Eruption and Extrusive Rocks
3.5 The Types of Volcanoes
3.6 Intrusion and Intrusive Rocks
3.7 Igneous Rocks Textures
3.8 Bowen's Reaction Series
Chapter 4 Weathering and Erosion
4.1 What is Weathering and Erosion
4.2 Physical Weathering
4.3 Chemical Weathering and Biological Weathering
4.4 Major Controlling Factors
4.5 Weathering Products
4.6 Controls of Soil Formation
4.7 The Soil Profile
4.8 Special Weathered Structures
Chapter 5 Exogenic Processes and Sedimentary Rocks
5.1 Introduction to External Processes
5.2 External Process
5.3 Why Sedimentary Rocks Are Important
5.4 Basic Characteristics
5.5 The Texture of Sedimentary Rocks
5.6 Sedimentary Structure
5.7 Common Sedimentary Rocks
5.8 Sedimentary Rocks Represent Past Environments
Chapter 6 Metamorphic Rocks
6.1 Metamorphism
6.2 The Controlling Factors in Metamorphism
6.3 Texture and Structure of Metamorphic Rocks
6.4 Major Types of Metamorphism
6.5 Common Metamorphic Rocks
6.6 Metamorphic Facies
6.7 Rock Cycles
Chapter 7 Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics
7.1 Continental Drift
7.2 Evidence Used in Support of Hypothesis
7.3 The Main Idea of Wegener's Theory About Continental Drift
7.4 The Search for a Mechanism
7.5 Plate Tectonics
7.6 The Boundaries of Plates
7.7 Wilson's Cycle
Chapter 8 Geologic Time and The Earth's Evolution
8.1 Introduction to Geological Time
8.2 Relative Time
8.3 Unconformities
8.4 Fossils: Evidence of Past Life
8.5 The History of Dating the Earth
8.6 Geological Time Scale
Chapter 9 Geological Structures
9.1 What Causes Rock to Deform?
9.2 How Do Rocks Deform?
9.3 Fold
9.4 Faults and Joints
9.5 The Evidences of Faults in the Field
9.6 Geologic Contact Relationships
Chapter 10 Earthquakes and the Earth's Spheres
10.1 What is an Earthquake?
10.2 General Concepts and Common Terms
10.3 Seismic Waves
10.4 Measuring the Size of an Earthquake
10.5 Earthquake Distributions and Effects
10.6 Earthquake and the Earth's Interior
Chapter 11 Mass Wasting
11.1 The Importance of Mass Wasting
11.2 Mass Wasting and Influencing Factors
11.3 Rapid Forms of Mass Wasting
11.4 Slow Movements
Chapter 12 Rivers and Their Geological Processes
12.1 Concepts of Hydrologic Cycle and Rivers
12.2 The Characteristics of Rivers
12.3 Stretches and Dynamics of River
12.4 The Erosion of Rivers
12.5 The Transportation and Sedimentation of Rivers
12.6 Types of Sedimentary Bodies in Rivers
12.7 Longitudinal Profile and Base Level
Chapter 13 Groundwater and Its Geological Processes
13.1 Importance of Groundwater
13.2 Distribution of Groundwater
13.3 The Water Table and the Movement of Ground Water
13.4 Porosity and Permeability
13.5 Changes in the Groundwater System
13.6 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Chapter 14 Wind and Desert
14.1 Sediment Transportation by Wind
14.2 Wind Erosion and Erosion Landforms
14.3 Wind Deposition and Deposition Landforms
14.4 Dust Storm and Loess Deposits
14.5 Common Misunderstanding of Desert
14.6 Desert Distribution Over the Globe
Chapter 15 Glaciers and Glaciation
15.1 Glaciers and Glaciation
15.2 Types of Glaciers
15.3 Glacial Erosion and Related Landforms
15.4 Glacial Deposition and Related Landforms
15.5 Glaciation and Global Changes
Chapter 16 Human survival and the Planet Earth
Final Exam
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Science of Geology
1.3 The Development of Geology
1.4 Earth's Sphere (1)
1.4 Earth’s Sphere (2)
1.5 Earth’s Internal Structure
1.6 Rocks and the Rock Cycle (1)
1.6 Rocks and the Rock Cycle (2)
Chapter 2 Elements and Minerals
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Elements in the Crust
2.3 Properties of Minerals: Optical Properties
2.4 Properties of Minerals: Mechanical Properties
2.5 Mineral Structures
2.6 How Minerals Are Classified
2.7 The Silicates
2.8 Common Silicate Minerals
2.9 Important Nonsilicate Minerals
2.10 Rock-forming minerals
Chapter 3 Magmatism and Igneous Rocks
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Magmatism
3.3 Magma
3.4 Eruption and Extrusive Rocks
3.5 The Types of Volcanoes
3.6 Intrusion and Intrusive Rocks
3.7 Igneous Rocks Textures
3.8 Bowen's Reaction Series
Chapter 4 Weathering and Erosion
4.1 What is Weathering and Erosion
4.2 Physical Weathering
4.3 Chemical Weathering and Biological Weathering
4.4 Major Controlling Factors
4.5 Weathering Products
4.6 Controls of Soil Formation
4.7 The Soil Profile
4.8 Special Weathered Structures
Chapter 5 Exogenic Processes and Sedimentary Rocks
5.1 Introduction to External Processes
5.2 External Process
5.3 Why Sedimentary Rocks Are Important
5.4 Basic Characteristics
5.5 The Texture of Sedimentary Rocks
5.6 Sedimentary Structure
5.7 Common Sedimentary Rocks
5.8 Sedimentary Rocks Represent Past Environments
Chapter 6 Metamorphic Rocks
6.1 Metamorphism
6.2 The Controlling Factors in Metamorphism
6.3 Texture and Structure of Metamorphic Rocks
6.4 Major Types of Metamorphism
6.5 Common Metamorphic Rocks
6.6 Metamorphic Facies
6.7 Rock Cycles
Chapter 7 Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics
7.1 Continental Drift
7.2 Evidence Used in Support of Hypothesis
7.3 The Main Idea of Wegener's Theory About Continental Drift
7.4 The Search for a Mechanism
7.5 Plate Tectonics
7.6 The Boundaries of Plates
7.7 Wilson's Cycle
Chapter 8 Geologic Time and The Earth's Evolution
8.1 Introduction to Geological Time
8.2 Relative Time
8.3 Unconformities
8.4 Fossils: Evidence of Past Life
8.5 The History of Dating the Earth
8.6 Geological Time Scale
Chapter 9 Geological Structures
9.1 What Causes Rock to Deform?
9.2 How Do Rocks Deform?
9.3 Fold
9.4 Faults and Joints
9.5 The Evidences of Faults in the Field
9.6 Geologic Contact Relationships
Chapter 10 Earthquakes and the Earth's Spheres
10.1 What is an Earthquake?
10.2 General Concepts and Common Terms
10.3 Seismic Waves
10.4 Measuring the Size of an Earthquake
10.5 Earthquake Distributions and Effects
10.6 Earthquake and the Earth's Interior
Chapter 11 Mass Wasting
11.1 The Importance of Mass Wasting
11.2 Mass Wasting and Influencing Factors
11.3 Rapid Forms of Mass Wasting
11.4 Slow Movements
Chapter 12 Rivers and Their Geological Processes
12.1 Concepts of Hydrologic Cycle and Rivers
12.2 The Characteristics of Rivers
12.3 Stretches and Dynamics of River
12.4 The Erosion of Rivers
12.5 The Transportation and Sedimentation of Rivers
12.6 Types of Sedimentary Bodies in Rivers
12.7 Longitudinal Profile and Base Level
Chapter 13 Groundwater and Its Geological Processes
13.1 Importance of Groundwater
13.2 Distribution of Groundwater
13.3 The Water Table and the Movement of Ground Water
13.4 Porosity and Permeability
13.5 Changes in the Groundwater System
13.6 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Chapter 14 Wind and Desert
14.1 Sediment Transportation by Wind
14.2 Wind Erosion and Erosion Landforms
14.3 Wind Deposition and Deposition Landforms
14.4 Dust Storm and Loess Deposits
14.5 Common Misunderstanding of Desert
14.6 Desert Distribution Over the Globe
Chapter 15 Glaciers and Glaciation
15.1 Glaciers and Glaciation
15.2 Types of Glaciers
15.3 Glacial Erosion and Related Landforms
15.4 Glacial Deposition and Related Landforms
15.5 Glaciation and Global Changes
Chapter 16 Human survival and the Planet Earth
Final Exam