introduction
Course Objectives
The student shall be able to perform from the following course objectives in such manner
that the cumulative performance total, as measured by written examinations and practical
examination, meets the required grade percentages (see Grading Criteria).
A. Terminology- the student shall master terminology based upon gross anatomical structures,
their forms, and relationships.
B. For each structure studied within the cardiovascular, lymph vascular, digestive, respiratory,
urinary, reproductive, and endocrine systems
and special sense organs, the student shall
be able to:
1. name, describe, and identify the structure including such distinguishing characteristics
as shape, landmarks, ducts, attachments, branches, tributaries, unique structure, etc.
2. depending on the specific structure, locate and identify it on a classmate, model,
diagram, and/or cadaver as instructed
3. give its major blood and nerve supply
4. describe its structural relations with other structures in the region
5. define/describe specific associated data as given
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C. For structures studied within the central nervous system the student shall be able to:
1. name, describe, and identify basic structural components presented
2. give basic function(s) of certain components as directed
Required Textbooks/Materials:
Textbooks:
Liu Zhiyu and Ying Dajun.(2005) Textbook of Systemic Anatomy.
Materials:
Dissection instruments, dissection gloves, specimens, models.
Reference Material:
Atlas of Anatomy, Medical Dictionary,
Cognitive domain

1. Classify gross anatomy and describe the relationship between the systemic and region
anatomy and what do they focus
2. Define: cell, tissue, organ, and system
3. Describe terminology based upon gross anatomical structures, their forms, and
relationships
4. How to study anatomy.
Course contents
1. What are anatomy, gross anatomy, systemic anatomy, and region anatomy?
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body. Derived from the Greek to cut up:
the Latin 'to cut up' gives us dissect. …
2. Terminology: Anatomical position, anatomical planes, and directional terminology
The anatomical position and others terms are adopted globally for anatomicomedical
description.
3. Methods of study
4. Vocabulary
Anatomy has a very specialized vocabulary, much of it inherited from Latin, Greek
and Arabic, and used in a very precise way. Medical students usually double their
vocabulary during training, and most of the new words will come in the next two years.
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locomotor system
Bones of Upper limb
1. clavicle, clavicle, acromial end, conoid tubercle, sternal end
2. scapula
acromion, spine, glenoid cavit, inferior angle, superior angle, coracoid process
subscapular fossa, suprascapular notch, supraspinous fossa, spine
3. humerus: head, anatomical neck, capitulum, coronoid fossa, deltoid tuberosity, surgical
neck, greater and lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove, trochlea, olecranon fossa,
sulcus for radial nerve, epicondyle, lateral supracondylar ridge
4. radius
head, neck, tuberosity, styloid process
5. ulna
trochlear notch, olecranon, coronoid process, ulnar tuberosity
radial notch
6. carpal bones
scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform
trapezium, trapezoid, capitat, hamate
7. metacarpal bones
8. phalanges of fingers
Bones of Lower Limb:
1. hip bone
pelvis, ilium, pubis, ischium, anterior superior/inferior iliac spine,
acetabulum, lunate surface, ischial tuberosity, greater sciatic notch, lesser sciatic
notch, iliac crest, ischial spine, pubis, pubic symphysis, pubic tubercle
obturator foramen, pecten pubis
2. femur
head neck gater and lesser trochanter, trochanteric fossa,
medial and lateral condyle
3. patella
4. tibia
tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus
5. fibula
head, neck, lateral malleolus
6. tarsal bones
navicular, medial intermediate and lateral cuneiform
cuboid, talus, calcaneus
7. metatarsal bones
8. phalanges of toes

Axial Bones
1. Vertebral column: atlas, axis, intervertebral discs, inferior vertebral notch,
Vertebrae
vertebral body, foramen, arch, Cervical thoracic
lumbar, sacrum, coceyx
transverse process, pedicle, lamina, vertebral foramen, spinous process,
superior articular process, inferior articular process, inferior costal facet,
superior costal facet, costal facet of transverse process
2. Thoracic
Sternum, sternal angle
xiphoid process false ribs, floating ribs, true ribs
sternum,
clavicular notch, costal cartilage notches, jugular notch, maubrium,
Ribs costal groove, costal angle, costal cartilage
Skull
1. Cranial skull
Frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, Temporal bone, occipital bone,
parietal bone. coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, bregma
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Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa, Anterior fontanelle, posterior fontanelle
external auditory meatus, mastoid process, styloid process, zygomatic process,
sagittal suture, carotid canal, foramen magnum, foramen, ovale, occipital condyle,
stylomastoid foramen, crista galli, zygomatic arch, cribriform plate, frontal crest,
greater wing, lesser wing, jugular foramen, sella turcica
2. Facial skull
Mandible, hyoid bone, vomer, maxilla, palatine bone
Nasal bone, nasal septum, lacrimal bone, inferior nasal concha bone
Zygomatic bone, orbit, bony nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity,
mental foramen, anterior nasal spine, coronoid process, supraorbital foramen,
Arthrology
Course contents:

Introduction
1. Direct articulation
fibrous joint: syndesmosis, suture
cartilaginous joint: synchondrosis, symphysis
2. Indirect joint(articulation or synovial joint)
Articular surface: Articular cartilage
Articular capsule: Fibrous membrane, Synovial membrane, Synovial fluid
Articular cavity
Accessory structures of the articulation
Ligament, Articular disc and articular labrum, Synovial fold and synovial bursa
The movements of articulation
Translation, flexion and extension
dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
adduction and abduction, rotation medial rotation, lateral rotation
pronation, supination, circumduction
Various articular types
1. One axis joints: hinge joint, trochoid joint or pivot joint
2. Double axes joints: ellipsoidal joint, sellar joint or saddle joint
3. Multi-axes joints: ball-and-socket joint or spheroidal joint, plane joint

The main joints of humen body
Vertebral column
intervertebral disc, annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus
anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamenta flava, interspinal ligament, supraspinal lig. And ligamentum nuchae
1. atlantooccipital joint anterior atlantoocipital membrane
posterior atlantoocipital membrane
2. atlantoaxial joint
lateral atlantoaxial joint, middle atlantoaxial joint
cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral curvatures
Thorax
1. costovertebral joint: joint of costal head, costo transverse joint
2. sternocostal joint:
costal arch
articular disc
Temporomandibular joint: articular tubercle
Movements: close and open mouth protrude and retrude chin
grinding and chewing (lateral move)

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Upper limb:
Shoulder joint: coracoacromial lig.
Elbow joint humeroulnar j. humeroradial j. proximal radioulnar j.
Interosseous membrane of forearm
Distal radioulnar joint
Radiocarpal joint (wrist joint)
Intercarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Intermetacarpal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Interphalangeal joint
Lower limb
Sacroiliac joint: iliolumbar ligament, sacrotuberous lig. sacrospinous lig.
Pubic symphysis
Obturator membrane (canal)
False (greater) pelvis, true (lesser) pelvis, terminal lines
Hip joint acetabular labrum, iliofemoral lig. ligament of head of the femu
pubofemoral lig. Ischiofemoral lig.
Knee joint: patellar lig. capsular ligament, fibular collateral lig. tibial collateral lig
anterior cruciate lig posterior cruciate lig. medial and lateral meniscus
Talocrural joint (ankle joint): lateral lig. Medial lig.
Arches of foot: Longitudinal arches, Transverse arch
Myology
5. Describe histological basis of muscle attachments
6. Define: origin and insertion
7. Define the categories of movers and give examples:
I. Agonist
1. prime mover
2. accessory mover
J. Antagonist
K. Synergist
L. Fixator
8. Define: "fasiculus"
9. Define the group of muscles based on the orientation of their fasiculi and give examples
10. Describe leverage as a factor in range of motion and strength
11. Describe the components and relationships of the axilla
12. Give the structures of the inguinal region and discuss their functions as described in
text
13. For intrinsic muscles of the hand and foot:
M. Identify each
N. Give their innervation
O. Give their action
14. Identify and discuss each muscle in terms of structure, function, and relationships as
described in detail in Text
aliimentary system
C. Accessory organs of digestion, the exocrine glands and gallbladder:
1. name, describe, and identify the gross anatomy of the liver, its lobes, visceral
impressions, landmarks, and anatomical relationships with the gallbladder and
biliary duct system.
2. identify through dissection the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and biliary duct
system.
3. name, describe, and identify the gross anatomy of the pancreas, its ducts and
distinguishing landmarks.
D. The peritoneum- its folds, named ligaments and subdivisions:
1. define and identify parietal and visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity,
abdominal cavity, omental bursa/lesser peritoneal sac (also upper and lower
recesses), greater peritoneal sac, and epiploic foramen.
2. define the terms retroperitoneal, mesentery, and omentum.
3. name, define, and identify the various peritoneal mesenteries, omenta, and
ligaments.
4. dissect and identify in the cadaver peritoneal components as listed in the
document "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical Guide".
5. discuss the peritoneum as a supporting structure and an anatomical barrier to
the spread of infection.
respiratory system
D. describe the relation of direction and size of primary bronchi to frequency of inhaled
objects being lodged in each.
E. name, describe, and identify in detail the anatomy of the larynx
describe the action
and attachments of its muscles in reference to breathing and phonation.
F. define and identify parietal and visceral pleurae, pleural cavity, pleural recesses, and
pulmonary ligament.
G. define a bronchopulmonary segment
list number in each lung.
H. name and describe the vertebral levels of the major apertures in the respiratory
diaphragm and name structures traversing the apertures.
I. dissect and identify in the cadaver the structures of the respiratory system as listed in
the document "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical Guide."
urinary system
D. describe length and position of the male and female urethra as a factor in the spread of
infections to urinary bladder.
E. name, describe, and identify the sphincters associated with the urethra.
F. describe the process and anatomical structures involved in micturition.
G. dissect and identify in the cadaver the urinary bladder, kidneys, and ureters noting
landmarks listed in the document "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical Guide."
male reproductive system
5. name, describe, and identify the anatomy of the male reproductive system as
listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Male
Reproductive System."
6. dissect and identify in the cadaver the structures of the male reproductive
system as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical
Guide."
7. name, describe, and identify the male perineum and the components forming
the urogenital and anal triangles as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II
Course Handouts: Anal and Urogenital Triangles of the Perineum."
8. name male and female reproductive homologues
female reproductive system
5. name, describe, and identify the anatomy of the female reproductive system as
listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II Course Handouts: Female
Reproductive System."
6. name, describe, and identify the female perineum and the components forming
the urogenital and anal triangles as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy II
Course Handouts: Anal and Urogenital Triangles of the Perineum."
7. name female and male reproductive homologues.
8. dissect and identify in the cadaver the structures of the female reproductive
system as listed in the document "Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory Practical
Guide."
periteum and peritoneum
Cognitive domain:
1. Outline the embryonic development of the greater and lesser sacs of the
peritoneal cavity.
2. Differentiate the structure and function of the lesser omentum from those of the
greater omentum.
3. Characterize the epiploic foramen in terms of its significance and relationship to
surrounding structures.
4. List the subdivisions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from the pharynx to the
anal canal.
5. Identify the parts of the GI tract that have mesentery and those that are
retroperitoneal (primary or secondary).
6. Describe the clinical significance of the peritoneal gutters.
cardiovascular systme
F. describe superficial and deep venous drainage.
G. name, describe, and identify in detail the structures of the heart and their functions,
using lecture and dissection.
H. describe the basic structure of the pericardial sac and associated pericardial ligaments.
I. list and define structures comprising pulmonary and systemic blood circulation.
J. describe physiologically how blood primarily enters the coronary arteries.
K. name the major nodes and lymphatic vessels
describe the pathways of the lymphatic
drainage and factors which control lymph flow.
L. define intercellular fluid, lymph, and chyle.
M. describe the major anastomoses and collateral routes used in the advent of an
obstructed abdominal aorta or inferior vena cava.
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N. define proximal versus distal in reference to blood vessels.
O. define branches versus tributaries in reference to vessels.
P. describe how the heart is supported within the thorax.
central nervou system
master :1 basic structure of spinal cord
2 basic structure of brain stem
3 basic structure of cerebrum
periphery nervous system
14. Predict functional deficits with lesions in the spinal cord or peripheral nerves
15. As described in the text for: "Peripheral Distribution of the Trigeminal Nerve":
H. List the major branches
I. Give the structures innervated
J. Discuss relationships with surrounding structures
1. cervical
2. brachial
3. lumbosacral
16. Predict functional deficits with lesions in the spinal cord or peripheral nerves
17. As described in the text for: "Peripheral Distribution of the Trigeminal Nerve":
K. List the major branches
L. Give the structures innervated
M. Discuss relationships with surrounding structures