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任务一Introduction
Course information，objectives，utlines,what is ecology，how to study ecology，the nature of ecology，why do we need to study Ecology, and some global Environmental Issues.
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●1.1Course introduction
Course introduction
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●1.2What is ecology and why study ecology
What is ecology and why study ecology
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●1.3Global environment issues
Global environment issues
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●1.4How to study ecology(1)
How to study ecology-part one
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●1.5How to study ecology(2)
How to study ecology-part two
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●1.6The nature of ecology(1)
The nature of ecology-part one
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●1.7The nature of ecology(2)
The nature of ecology-part two
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●1.8Ecology properties
Ecology properties
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任务二Adaptation to Physical Environment
Adaptation to Physical Environment: Water, light, temperature, and climate.
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●2.1Water
Global water cycling; Water has many properties favorable to life; Many inorganic nutrients are dissolved in water; Plants obtain water and nutrients from soil; Maintain salt and water balance by plants and animals.
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●2.2Light
Light is primary source of energy for the biosphere; Plants capture the energy of sunlight by photosynthesis; Plants modify photosynthesis in high water stress environments; Diffusion limits uptakes of dissolved gases from water; Temperature limits occurrence of life; Each organism functions best under certain temperature; Home’othermy increases metabolic rate and efficiency.
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●2.3Temperature
Light is primary source of energy for the biosphere; Plants capture the energy of sunlight by photosynthesis; Plants modify photosynthesis in high water stress environments; Diffusion limits uptakes of dissolved gases from water; Temperature limits occurrence of life; Each organism functions best under certain temperature; Home’othermy increases metabolic rate and efficiency.
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●2.4Climate
Global patterns in temperature and precipitation are established by solar radiation; Ocean currents redistribute heat; Seasonal variation in climate;Changes in water density drive seasonal cycles in temperate lakes; Climate and weather undergo irregular and often unpredicted changes; Topographic features cause local variation in climate; and Climate and soil.
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任务三Population growth and Regulation
Population grow by multiplication rather than addition; Age structure influences population rate; A life table summaries age-specific schedules of survival and fecundity; The intrinsic rate of increase can be estimated from the life table; Population size is regulated by density-dependent factors.
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●3.1Population growth model (1)
Population growth model -part one
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●3.2Population growth model (2)
Population growth model -part two
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●3.3Population growth model (3)
Population growth model-part three
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●3.4Population growth model (4)
Population growth model -part four
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●3.5Age structure
Age structure
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●3.6Life table (1)
Life table -part one
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●3.7Life table (2)
Life table -part two
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●3.8Mortality curve and survivorship curve
Mortality curve and survivorship curve
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●3.9Logistic population growth model
Logistic population growth model
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●3.10Population regulated by density-dependent factors (1)
Population regulated by density-dependent factors -part one
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●3.11Population regulated by density-dependent factors (2)
Population regulated by density-dependent factors -part two
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任务四Species interactions Population growth and Regulation
All organisms are involved in consumer-resource interactions; Dynamics of consumer-resource interactions reflect mutual evolutionary responses; Parasites maintain a delicate consumer-resource relationship with their hosts;Herbivory varies the the quality of plants as resources; Competition may be an indirect results of other types of interactions; Individuals of different species can collaborate in mutualistic interactions.
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●4.1Consumer-resource interactions
Consumer-resource interactions
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●4.2Dynamics of consumer-resource interactions
Dynamics of consumer-resource interactions
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●4.3Mutualistic interacitons
Mutualistic interacitons
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任务五Competition
Consumers compete for resources; Failure of species to coexist in laboratory cultures led to competitive exclusion principle; The theory of competition and coexistence is an extension of logistic growth models; Asymmetric [ˌeɪsɪˈmetrɪk] competition can occur when different factors limit the populations of competitors; Habitat productivity can influence competition between plant species; Competition may occur through direct interference; Consumers can influence the outcome of competition.
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●5.1Consumers compete for resources
Consumers compete for resources
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●5.2Failure of species to coexist
Failure of species to coexist
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●5.3Competition model - lokta volterra model
Competition model - lokta volterra model
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●5.4Without interspecific competition
Without interspecific competition
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●5.5Asymmetric competition and habitat productivity influence competition
Asymmetric competition and habitat productivity influence competition
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●5.6Competition through direct interference and apparent competition
Competition through direct interference and apparent competition
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任务六Dynamics of consumer-resource interactions
Consumers can limit resource populations; Many predator and prey populations increase and decrease in regular cycles; Mathematic models for predator-prey interaction; Pathogen-host dynamics can be described by the S-I-R model; Lotka-Volterra model can be stabilized by predator satiation; Factors can reduce oscillation of predator-prey models; Consumer-Resource system can have more than one stable state.
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●6.1Consumers limit resource populations
Consumers limit resource populations
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●6.2Predator and prey increase and decrease in regular cycles
Predator and prey increase and decrease in regular cycles
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●6.3Mathematic models for predator-prey interaction (1)
Mathematic models for predator-prey interaction -part one
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●6.4Mathematic models for predator-prey interaction (2)
Mathematic models for predator-prey interaction -part two
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●6.5Pathogen-host dynamics by the S-I-R model
Pathogen-host dynamics by the S-I-R model
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●6.6Lotka-Volterra model stabilized by predator satiation (1)
Lotka-Volterra model stabilized by predator satiation -part one
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●6.7Lotka-Volterra model stabilized by predator satiation (2)
Lotka-Volterra model stabilized by predator satiation -part two
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●6.8Oscillation of predator-prey models and more than one stable state in Consumer-Resource System
Oscillation of predator-prey models and more than one stable state in Consumer-Resource System
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任务七Community
community ecology theories and methods.
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●7.1Community structure
Community structure
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●7.2Species richness on food web complexity
Species richness on food web complexity
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●7.3Food web structure influences the stability of communities
Food web structure influences the stability of communities
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●7.4Communities can switch between alternative stable states
Communities can switch between alternative stable states
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●7.5Trophic levels are influence from above by predation and from below by production
Trophic levels are influence from above by predation and from below by production
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●7.6Change in nutrient level switch a marine community between alternate state
Change in nutrient level switch a marine community between alternate state
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任务八Ecological succession and community development
The concept of the sere includes all the stages of successional change;Succession ensures as colonists alter environmental conditions; Succession becomes self-limiting as it approaches the climax.
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●8.1Definitions
Definitions
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●8.2Community structure changes through time
Community structure changes through time
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●8.3Succession definitions and examples
Succession definitions and examples
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●8.4Primary succession and secondary succession
Primary succession and secondary succession
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●8.5Plant life history influence old-field succession
Plant life history influence old-field succession
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●8.6Succession ensures as colonists alter environmental conditions (1)
Succession ensures as colonists alter environmental conditions -part one
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●8.7Succession ensures as colonists alter environmental conditions (2)
Succession ensures as colonists alter environmental conditions -part two
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●8.8Succession becomes self-limiting as it approaches the climax (1)
Succession becomes self-limiting as it approaches the climax -part one
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●8.9Succession becomes self-limiting as it approaches the climax (2)
Succession becomes self-limiting as it approaches the climax -part two
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●8.10Grazing pressure also modify a climax community
Grazing pressure also modify a climax community
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●8.11Cyclic climax
Cyclic climax
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●8.12Community revisited
Community revisited
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任务九Energy in the ecosystem
Ecosystem function obeys thermodynamic principles; Primary production provides energy to the ecosystem; Many factors influence primary production; Primary production varies among ecosystems; Only 5%–20% of assimilated energy passes between trophic levels; Energy moves through ecosystems at different rates; Ecosystem energetics summarizes the movement of energy populations.
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●9.1Definitions
Definitions
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●9.2Ecosystem function obeys thermodynamic principles
Ecosystem function obeys thermodynamic principles
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●9.3Primary production provides energy to the ecosystem （1）
Primary production provides energy to the ecosystem- part one
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●9.4Primary production provides energy to the ecosystem（2）
Primary production provides energy to the ecosystem-part two
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●9.5Many factors influence primary production （1）
Many factors influence primary production -part one
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●9.6Many factors influence primary production （2）
Many factors influence primary production -part two
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●9.7Many factors influence primary production （3）
Many factors influence primary production- part three
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●9.8Many factors influence primary production （4）
Many factors influence primary production -part four
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●9.9Primary production varies among ecosystems
Primary production varies among ecosystems
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●9.10Assimilated energy passes between trophic levels （1）
Assimilated energy passes between trophic levels -part one
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●9.11Assimilated energy passes between trophic levels （2）
Assimilated energy passes between trophic levels -part two
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●9.12Assimilated energy passes between trophic levels （3）
Assimilated energy passes between trophic levels -part three
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●9.13Assimilated energy passes between trophic levels （4）
Assimilated energy passes between trophic levels -part four
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●9.14Energy moves through ecosystems at different rates （1）
Energy moves through ecosystems at different rates -part one
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●9.15Energy moves through ecosystems at different rates （2）
Energy moves through ecosystems at different rates -part four
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●9.16Ecosystem energetics summarizes the movement of energy populations
Ecosystem energetics summarizes the movement of energy populations
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任务十Pathways of elements in ecosystems
Energy transformations and element cycling are intimately linked; Ecosystems can be modeled as a series of linked compartments; Water provided a physical model of element cycling in ecosystems; Carbon cycle is closely tied to the flux of energy through the biosphere; Nitrogen assumes many oxidation states in its cycling through ecosystems; Phosphorus cycle is chemically uncomplicated; Sulfur exists in many oxidized and reduced forms; Microorganisms assume diverse roles in element cycles.
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●10.1Energy transformations and element cycling are intimately linked
Energy transformations and element cycling are intimately linked
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●10.2Ecosystems can be modeled as a series of linked compartments
Ecosystems can be modeled as a series of linked compartments
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●10.3Carbon cycle is closely tied to the flux of energy through the biosphere
Carbon cycle is closely tied to the flux of energy through the biosphere
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●10.4Nitrogen assumes many oxidation states in its cycling through ecosystems (1)
Nitrogen assumes many oxidation states in its cycling through ecosystems -part one
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●10.5Nitrogen assumes many oxidation states in its cycling through ecosystems (2)
Nitrogen assumes many oxidation states in its cycling through ecosystems -part two
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●10.6Nitrogen assumes many oxidation states in its cycling through ecosystems (3)
Nitrogen assumes many oxidation states in its cycling through ecosystems -part three
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●10.7Phosphorus cycle is chemically uncomplicated
Phosphorus cycle is chemically uncomplicated
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●10.8Sulfur exists in many oxidized and reduced forms (1)
Sulfur exists in many oxidized and reduced forms -part one
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●10.9Sulfur exists in many oxidized and reduced forms (2)
Sulfur exists in many oxidized and reduced forms (2)
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●10.10Microorganisms assume diverse roles in element cycles (1)
Microorganisms assume diverse roles in element cycles (1)
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●10.11Microorganisms assume diverse roles in element cycles (2)
Microorganisms assume diverse roles in element cycles -part two
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●10.12Microorganisms assume diverse roles in element cycles (3)
Microorganisms assume diverse roles in element cycles -part three
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●10.13Microorganisms assume diverse roles in element cycles (4)
Microorganisms assume diverse roles in element cycles -part four
